Medical research

Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical research, is the basic research, applied research, or translational research conducted to aid and support the body of knowledge in the field of medicine. Medical research can be divided into two general categories: the evaluation of new treatments for both safety and efficacy in what are termed clinical trials, and all other research that contributes to the development of new treatments. The latter is termed preclinical research if its goal is specifically to elaborate knowledge for the development of new therapeutic strategies. A new paradigm to biomedical research is being termed translational research, which focuses on iterative feedback loops between the basic and clinical research domains to accelerate knowledge translation from the bedside to the bench, and back again.

Protein-DNA Interactions

• ChIP-on-chip
• Chip-Sequencing
• DamID

Protein structures

• X-ray crystallography
• Protein NMR

Protein purification

• Protein Isolation
  • chromatography methods
• Protein Extraction and Solubilization
• Protein Concentration Determination Methods, Bradford protein assay
• Concentrating Protein Solutions
• Gel electrophoresis
  • Gel Electrophoresis Under denaturing conditions
  • Gel Electrophoresis Under non-denaturing conditions
  • 2D Gel Electrophoresis
• Electrofocusing

Detecting proteins

• microscopy, Protein immunostaining
• Protein immunoprecipitation
• Immunoelectrophoresis
• Immunoblotting
• BCA Protein Assay
• Western blot
• Spectrophotometry
• Enzyme assay

Genetic methods

• conceptual translation- many proteins are never directly sequenced, but their sequence of amino acids is known by "conceptual translation" of a known mRNA sequence. See Genetic code.
• site-directed mutagenesis allows new variants of proteins to be produced and tested for how structural changes alter protein function.
  • insertion of protein tags such as the His-tag. See also: Green fluorescent protein.
• evolutionary; analysis of sequence changes in different species using software such as BLAST.
• Proteins that are involved in human diseases can be identified by matching alleles to disease and other phenotypes using methods such as calculation of LOD scores.

Protein methods

Protein methods are the techniques used to study proteins.

There are genetic methods for studying proteins, methods for detecting proteins, methods for isolating and purifying proteins and other methods for characterizing the structure and function of proteins, often requiring that the protein first be purified.